Renewable sources of energy their prospects in Ukraine

Energy crisis - the expression recently more and more we hear on TV. This is somewhat frightening phrase in its negative consequences may be negligible depending on how this is and what steps to take in order to secure a guaranteed quiet life. Crisis- no one is safe here and the guilty are hard to find. You can criticize the government, and more energy-rich countries that do not want to share them at low prices.

But we must take into account the fact that, in fact, supplies of fuel resources are limited. And with the global consumption as of now, for a long time did not have enough oil or gas. How much does it ... Gas, which is available in the former Soviet Union, the most optimistic forecasts will last for 70 years. Oil in Saudi Arabia will end after 35 years as. These figures should make all thinking. It's not so much. And then what? .

Even if the earth would open virtually inexhaustible source of raw materials, will not be able to avoid ecological disaster. In 100 years the planet will be produced 1% of the energy it receives from the Sun - 1. 5 x 10 24 J year. This line should not pass. Otherwise, begin melting the polar ice caps, catastrophic sea level rise. In this case, the coastal cities and the whole energy of the coastal countries are no longer needed. The so-called thermal pollution of the planet can only be avoided if strict economy in the expenditure of energy and use alternative energy sources.

By alternative energy sources include solar, geothermal, tidal, nuclear, wind and wave energy. Unlike fossil fuels, these forms of energy are not limited to geologically stockpiles. This means that their use and consumption does not lead to the inevitable depletion of reserves. New power conversion circuits can be combined single term ' ecoenergy ', by which means all methods of producing clean energy that do not cause environmental pollution.

The introduction of energy efficient technologies can have three main areas:.

- Reduction of energy consumption through the use of more economical and energy- efficient equipment ( pumps, stoves, industrial and household refrigerators, boilers, electric lamps, etc. n. );.

- Efficient use of energy (reducing heat loss of buildings, cost-effective modes of operation of the equipment, saving energy when they are used by consumers and m. n. );.

- Replacement of energy use to alternative sources.

According to the statistics of solar energy potential is estimated at 3.2 109 MW / year, and ranks third after the geothermal and wind energy potentials which are respectively 7.9 and 9.6 in 1010 109 MW / year. The corresponding technical potential ( according to the experts ) is 6106 MWh / year for solar energy, 2.156 109 MWh / year for 109 geothermal and 3.6 MWh / year for wind energy.

Humanity uses solar energy since time immemorial. It warms our houses directly, in the winter we use for heating and hot water by solar energy accumulated in the form of wood, coal, oil or gas. Today, we live at the expense of fuel accumulated by nature over millions of years. The volume of fossil fuels on Earth is limited. Rational way to implement policy conservation of these resources is the direct use of solar energy to generate heat.

The development of solar thermal power is most advisable to ensure the demand for hot water is fed from the low-temperature heat and power systems. According to Western European countries is an indicator of demand kWh per day per person and it is applicable to the Crimean region. The volume of total solar radiation in the Crimea exceed the consumption of fuel. Energy exposure on the surface of 27,000 km2 of approximately 3.45 h1013 kWh / year, with total consumption of electricity, equal to 2.1 kWh h109 (according to 1997. ).

The disadvantage of this source is seasonal in nature, explaining the meteorological factors, and the average daily rate varies from 1.5 kW ch/m2 in winter, up to 7 kW ch/m2 summer. Crimean region is located in the extreme southern part of Ukraine with the insolation from 2170 to 2400 hours per year, most of which occur in the warmer months, coinciding with the summer season and high demand for hot water for the needs of the resort and recreational complex.

In countries where climatic conditions are similar to the climate of the Crimea, the rate of the specific area of installed solar collectors varies from 0.5 m2/chel. Cyprus (maximum value) to 0.13 m2/chel. in Greece. In Germany, 0.005 m2/chel ( European average for 1997 is 0.009 m2/chel. ).

Significant efforts have been made in other areas of renewable energy. Actually alternative energy sources is now not only available, but also successfully used for the benefit of people. Sweden, for example, by 2020, plans to give up entirely of organic fuels and switch to renewable energy. Iceland - sometime in 2050. Brazil makes extensive use of sugar cane, and after 5 years it is planned to transfer 80% of transportation for ethanol, which is extracted from the cane and. UK uses the energy of the wind and waves, and by 2012 10 % of the energy the country will be from renewable sources of energy because the wind and waves are guaranteed to be enough for much longer than organic sources of energy. The plans for U.S. nuclear power. Spain and Germany are the leaders in Europe on the use of wind energy, its growth each year is 25%. As you can see, Europe, and not only it proved that the use of alternative energy sources is not only necessary but also beneficial. They need to be developed, followed by the future.

But to return to Ukraine. How we do things with alternative energy sources? . A big plus is, and that this began to talk in the news. And talk about this need, because people need something to wean from the gratuitous energy. And do not get away from it. And get used to what to pay for everything, and sometimes much. For example, in the Czech Republic, a family of 4 persons 3- room apartment on the 3- month spending on public services in terms of our money is about UAH 2000. And they pay a lot more than in Ukraine. The average citizen of the Czech Republic receives a ...

Thus, in the world is being promoted renewable energy. It is a promising area of energy development as the price of energy commodities soaring, while renewable energy power plants are becoming more affordable. Given that energy prices in Ukraine will soon reach the world, should now be taken active measures to increase the share of renewable energy sources, especially for sectors such as utilities and transport.

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